Agent are the mobile money industry’s backbone, digitising about USD 700 million per day in 2021. Mobile money agents play an essential role in enabling unbanked and underbanked populations access to financial services, thanks to their relatively more robust geographic reach than the traditional banking system.

However, a variety of challenges increasingly impact agents and their much-needed network, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Considering these developments, the GSMA commissioned MicroSave Consulting (MSC) to research cash-in/cash-out (CICO) agent circumstances in three markets in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our third and final report focuses on findings from Mozambique.