Post Quantum Cryptography for Non-Terrestrial Networks (PQ.07)

As satellite-based connectivity becomes an integral part of 5G and future 6G ecosystems, securing Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) against emerging quantum threats is a strategic priority. The new PQ.07 paper explores how Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) can be implemented across satellite-to-ground, satellite-to-user, and inter-satellite communications to ensure long-term security resilience.

Building on earlier GSMA guidance for telecom networks, this document examines the unique technical, operational, and performance challenges of deploying PQC in NTN environments. These include high latency, constrained onboard processing, long satellite lifecycles, complex supply chains, and diverse stakeholder ecosystems spanning satellite network operators, mobile network operators, OEMs, and standards bodies.

The paper provides a structured migration framework, including cryptographic inventory assessment, sensitive data identification, hybrid cryptographic approaches, PKI considerations, and phased transition strategies aligned with evolving standards from NIST, IETF, ETSI and 3GPP. It also highlights dependencies related to hardware readiness, regulatory compliance, interoperability, and performance optimisation.

By addressing these challenges proactively, the industry can future-proof satellite-enabled mobile connectivity and ensure secure, trusted global communications in the quantum era.