Spectrum for D2D Public Policy Paper - Spectrum
Friday September 12, 2025

Spectrum for D2D Public Policy Paper

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The GSMA’s Spectrum for D2D public policy paper provides governments with guidance for how to make the most of this emerging technology without disrupting the terrestrial mobile services that billions of people already depend on.

Direct-to-Device (D2D) describes connectivity between satellites and mobile handsets. The use of satellite connectivity as part of a mobile network can supplement a terrestrial operator’s network coverage. Providing this broader coverage layer can help mobile reach further into sparsely populated or inaccessible locations.

Satellite’s strength lies in its ability to reach remote areas. Although it cannot provide the capacity that terrestrial mobile networks can deliver, D2D can supplement terrestrial mobile coverage with the correct regulation. An essential part of that regulation are spectrum for D2D policies. To learn more, download the paper at the top of the page.

The GSMA’s other public spectrum policy papers are available here.